¿Los pollos en el nido del saltapared cola larga (Thryomanes bewickii) experimentan estrés térmico en cajas nido en una ciudad tropical?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28947/hrmo.2024.25.1.783Palabras clave:
aves altriciales, ecología urbana, edad de endotermia, temperatura de crías en desarrollo, temperatura operativaResumen
Las áreas urbanas presentan ambientes térmicos que pueden ser un desafío para los pollos altriciales, particularmente durante el desarrollo temprano. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si los polluelos del reyezuelo altricial de Bewick (Thryomanes bewickii) experimentaron estrés térmico en cajas nido durante las etapas tempranas y tardías de su desarrollo. Determinamos el punto de ajuste termorregulador (rango termoneutral) de los polluelos, midiendo la temperatura corporal cloacal de cinco polluelos de tres nidos, cada dos días desde que eclosionan hasta que abandonaron el nido. También expusimos a los polluelos a un desafío térmico desde el día 5 para determinar la edad de la endotermia. Usamos registradores de datos para determinar el ambiente térmico dentro y fuera de tres cajas nido, y obtuvimos la temperatura operativa para los polluelos en la caja nido usando modelos impresos en 3D de polluelos correspondientes a etapa temprana y tardía de desarrollo. La temperatura ambiente dentro del nido fluctuó a lo largo del día, siendo más fría por la noche justo antes del amanecer (rango mínimo: 10.4 °C – 10.8 °C) y más calientes por la tarde (rango máximo: 25.8 °C – 28.3 °C). Sin embargo, las temperaturas en la caja nido no alcanzaron las temperaturas exteriores extremadamente altas y bajas, y fueron más cálidas durante la noche. Los pollos alcanzaron la edad de endotermia a los 9 ± 2.3 días después de la eclosión y mostraron un rango termoneutral de temperatura corporal por encima de la temperatura ambiente en el nido. La temperatura operativa de los modelos en la caja nido siguieron de cerca las temperaturas ambientales y estuvieron por debajo del rango termoneutral de los pollos. Por lo tanto, los pollos podrían experimentar estrés térmico cuando los padres no les brindan protección adicional mientras están fuera del nido para buscar alimento. Aunque las cajas nido brindan beneficios térmicos limitados para las aves que anidan en las ciudades tropicales, aún proporcionan valiosos sitios de anidación y descanso donde las cavidades naturales tienen una disponibilidad limitada.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Alberto Stefano Salgado-Amezcua, José Leonel Molina Valladares, Miguel Angel Salinas-Melgoza, Vicente Salinas-Melgoza, Alejandro Salinas Melgoza
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